The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) have fined Goldman Sachs International (GSI) £96.6 million for risk management failures connected to 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) and its role in three fund raising transactions for 1MDB.

The FCA and PRA fines are part of a $2.9 billion, globally coordinated resolution reached with The Goldman Sachs Group (GSG) and its subsidiaries.

1MDB is a Malaysian state-owned development company that has been at the centre of billion-dollar embezzlement allegations. GSI underwrote, purchased and arranged three bond transactions for 1MDB in 2012 and 2013 that raised a total of $6.5 billion for 1MDB. These transactions were approved by global GSG committees that GSI participated in, and were booked to GSI.

The 1MDB transactions involved clients and counterparties in jurisdictions with higher financial crime risk, according to the regulator's statement. GSI was also aware of the risk of involvement of a third party that GSI had serious concerns about.

GSI failed to assess and manage risk to the standard that was required given the high risk profile of the 1MDB transactions, and failed to assess risk factors on a sufficiently holistic basis. It also failed to address allegations of bribery in 2013 and failed to manage allegations of misconduct in connection with 1MDB in 2015.

Mark Steward, the FCA's executive director of enforcement and market oversight, said: "Firms have a crucial role to play in tackling financial crime, and in helping to maintain the integrity of the financial system - GSI’s failure to take appropriate action in this case shows that it did not take this responsibility seriously.

"When confronted with allegations of bribery and staff misconduct, the firm’s mishandling allowed severe misconduct to go unaddressed - there is no amnesty for firms that tackle financial crime poorly, and the size of GSI’s fine reflects that."

The investigation found that GSI breached a number of FCA and PRA principles and rules.

Specifically, GSI failed to assess with due skill, care and diligence the risk factors that arose in each of the 1MDB bond transactions on a sufficiently holistic basis; assess and manage the risk of the involvement in the 1MDB bond transactions of a third party that GSI had serious concerns about; exercise due diligence when managing allegations of bribery and misconduct in connection with 1MDB; and record in sufficient detail the assessment and management of risk associated with the 1MDB bond transactions.

The global resolution included the US Department of Justice, the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the US Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the New York Department of Financial Services, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the Attorney-General’s Chambers Office of Singapore, and the Commercial Affairs Department of the Singapore Police Force.

This resolution is separate to the $3.9 billion settlement reached between GSG and the Government of Malaysia in August. The FCA and PRA took this settlement into account in determining their financial penalties.

GSI agreed to resolve this case with the FCA and PRA, qualifying it for a 30 per cent discount in the overall penalty imposed by both regulators.

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